Histamine intolerance

When seemingly healthy foods can cause headaches, itching, palpitations, or digestive problems.

What is histamine?

Histamine is a substance naturally produced by the body, involved in allergic reactions, immunity, digestion, and inflammation regulation. It is also found in certain foods, especially fermented, aged, or long-stored ones.

What is histamine intolerance?

Histamine intolerance occurs when the body fails to effectively break down histamine. The main mechanism involved is reduced activity of the enzyme DAO – diamine oxidase, which is responsible for breaking down histamine from food.

When histamine accumulates, symptoms resembling allergies may appear, but allergy tests are not necessarily positive.

Possible symptoms

✔ headaches or migraines
✔ nasal congestion without a cold
✔ sneezing, nasal discharge
✔ skin itching
✔ hives or redness
✔ palpitations
✔ dizziness
✔ bloating
✔ abdominal cramps
✔ diarrhea
✔ nausea
✔ restlessness or anxiety

Histamine-rich foods

  • red wine and other alcoholic beverages
  • aged cheeses
  • cold cuts, smoked meats, salamis
  • canned or long-stored fish
  • seafood
  • sauerkraut and other fermented foods
  • vinegar and pickles
  • soy sauce
  • kombucha

Foods that can promote histamine release

  • tomatoes
  • chocolate
  • strawberries
  • citrus fruits
  • very ripe bananas
  • nuts and hazelnuts, in some people

Why does it occur?

Histamine intolerance can be promoted by intestinal dysbiosis, digestive inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, DAO deficiency, high consumption of fermented foods, or certain medications that can affect histamine breakdown.

Why is the diagnosis difficult to establish?

There is no universally accepted diagnostic test. Unlike other conditions where clear markers exist, histamine intolerance diagnosis is mainly based on symptoms, dietary history, and response to reducing foods high in histamine.

Additionally, symptoms are very nonspecific and can mimic food allergies, allergic rhinitis, migraines, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, or other digestive and inflammatory problems.

The level of DAO enzyme in the blood does not always perfectly reflect the real situation in the intestine: some people may have suggestive symptoms with normal DAO, while others may have low DAO without significant symptoms.

Symptoms can fluctuate from day to day; a person may tolerate a food one day and react another day, depending on the total amount of histamine consumed, stress, infections, intestinal inflammation, medications, or hormonal status.

Not all cases have the same cause: sometimes the problem is DAO deficiency, other times intestinal dysbiosis, mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), intestinal inflammation, or certain medications. 

What can you do?

  • Keep a food diary and note symptoms.
  • Temporarily reduce foods high in histamine.
  • Pay attention to the freshness of foods, especially meat and fish.
  • Support gut health: Zeolit Spectrum, probiotic
  • Check for possible deficiencies, including vitamin D, magnesium, B6, and copper.
  • Talk to your doctor if symptoms are frequent or severe.

Important

Histamine intolerance is not the same as a food allergy. The diagnosis must be interpreted in a clinical context, and severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, facial swelling, or feeling faint require urgent medical evaluation.